Japanese forms involved:
te-form, ta-form, nai-form, root-form, masu-form
Last articles were about verbs, nouns, and adjectives. If you didn't read them yet, I recommend you to check them out.
Japanese tenses are more or less the same as English one, but not exactly the same.
For the recap, in English, we learned the verb tenses like this:
Nostalgic huh. In Japanese, actually is simpler in native's perspective.
In Japanese, they don't have perfect and future tenses, but they do have simple and continuous tense.
They also don't have 3rd form verb such as "eaten", if so, they simply called it passive form.
So if you want to see the Japanese tenses in English's perspective, here you have it:
It's nonsense, you see, they don't have the future tense, their future tense is equivalent to present tense.
They don't have perfect tense.
If something has done or had done or will have done or did, it's done!
If something has been doing or is doing, will be doing or will have been doing, it's just doing!
If something had been doing or was doing, it was just doing!
arr. I'm not native English speaker, I got my headache too. Why English be so complicated.
Ok, to be fair, here is what English complicated at, Japanese will be complicated at grammar usage. Fair enough?
Ok, in Japanese, tenses are simple. Here's how:
1.) I don't care you do or going to do, just do it.
2.) I don't care you did or just did or will have did, its considered done.
3.) I don't care you will be going to do or just doing now or will have or have been doing in the future. If the action is continuous, it is just doing.
4.) I don't' care you were doing or had been doing. If the action was continuous, it was just doing.
*Beware, te-form is involved in continuous tenses, make sure you know the verb's grouping.
*Beware, ta-form is involved in past tenses, make sure you know the verb's grouping.
*Beware, ta-form is involved in past tenses, make sure you know the verb's grouping.
So it depends on context to see if the verbs belong to what state of tenses. For example:
昨日は食べていた。I was eating yesterday.
昨日から食べていた。I had been eating since yesterday.
昨日から食べている。I have been eating since yesterday.
明日は食べている。I will be eating tomorrow.
明日は食べる。I will eat tomorrow.
今は食べる。I eat now.
昨日は食べた。I ate/I have eaten yesterday.
Ok, how about not eating? Simple, nai-form and nakatta-form. For example
昨日は食べていなかった。I was not eating yesterday.
昨日から食べていなかった。I had not been eating since yesterday.
昨日から食べていない。I have not been eating since yesterday.
明日は食べてない。I will not be eating tomorrow.
明日は食べない。I will not eat tomorrow.
今は食べない。I don't eat now.
昨日は食べなかった。I didn't eat yesterday
In many cases, they just omit い from te-form grammar so that to speak faster casually. Such as
食べてなかった
食べてない
If you want to be polite, use masu-form.
That's it for tenses. Or is it?
If the verbs have tenses, how about nouns and adjectives?
Yes, they are! Just like English. Arr, I lazy to explain the rest, but I got a better idea. Below is the table of tenses and forms for all verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Hope that you can clear your mind with it. Just note that i-adjective changes differently than other words.
By the way, adjectives and nouns don't have past continuous tense.
Here got some observations:
Highlighted in light blue, if you see closely, the い in words ended with ない is changing like an i-adjective. Yes, in fact, the verbs nai-form can be an adjective as well (learned from the last post). I mean, the changes of い of nai-form and i-adjectives are similar. For clarity, below is the forms used for tenses:
Before nai-form, everything looks different, but after adding nai-form, everything looks similar.
So ない is a special existence in Japanese, much like π in Mathematics, although it literally means "nothing". Does that means Japanese they didn't consider nothing as "nothing"?
Anyway, at least that simplifies the learning.
Secondly, on the green cells, で is much like て, in fact, if you want to connect a word or sentence continuously, just add で or use て-form, simple.
From last post you learned that nai-form is responsible for negativity. Here you can learn that te-form is responsible for continuity, whilst ta-form is responsible for the past tense.
That pretty wraps up the tenses, hope that you discovered some essence of Japanese grammar, next on particles.
Here got some observations:
Highlighted in light blue, if you see closely, the い in words ended with ない is changing like an i-adjective. Yes, in fact, the verbs nai-form can be an adjective as well (learned from the last post). I mean, the changes of い of nai-form and i-adjectives are similar. For clarity, below is the forms used for tenses:
Before nai-form, everything looks different, but after adding nai-form, everything looks similar.
So ない is a special existence in Japanese, much like π in Mathematics, although it literally means "nothing". Does that means Japanese they didn't consider nothing as "nothing"?
Anyway, at least that simplifies the learning.
Secondly, on the green cells, で is much like て, in fact, if you want to connect a word or sentence continuously, just add で or use て-form, simple.
From last post you learned that nai-form is responsible for negativity. Here you can learn that te-form is responsible for continuity, whilst ta-form is responsible for the past tense.
That pretty wraps up the tenses, hope that you discovered some essence of Japanese grammar, next on particles.
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Lesson 5, Verb's form and its grammars
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